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Are despots good or bad? PDF Print
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Saturday, 27 June 2009 11:47

By batsman 

Europe is in the grip of fear of a return of far right politicians with the election of far right politicians as members of the European Parliament. It seems that whenever things go wrong, there is a noticeable turn towards extreme politics. Whether cool headed civilized Europeans or hot headed uncivilized Middle Easterners, the result is the same – there is a swing towards extremism.

So one wonders whether despots are really good or bad? Why do people turn towards despotism when they sense that they are in trouble? 

UMNO politicians must be banking on this gut reaction of some people. At a time when there is economic stress, UMNO must be hoping that people will opt for a despotic strongman to tide them over bad times. 

It is no accident that when things were very bad in Russia, the people opted for communism, but once they achieved some security and comfort, the people opted for capitalism. The same thing happened in China and it seems to be happening in Iran, only in Iran’s case the switch seems to be from conservative no-nonsense no-humour clerics to Rafsanjani – style rich city dwellers and cool internet denizens. 

Everybody wants the good life and do not want to miss out especially when their neighbours and others who seem to be less deserving are enjoying it. 

So it is that having followed and supported a despot for a while and suffered for it, people tend to hanker for the good life once they feel safe and secure. 

The problem is whether the world can sustain the good life for everybody. The UN just released news that there are now 1 billion hungry people in the world. On top of this there are problems with climate change, water problems, desertification not just of land but the seas as well, pollution, unsustainable cutting of forests, unsustainable use of natural resources, new-fangled diseases which travel and kill at the speed of lightning mostly spread by tourists who have visited the US as well as the US stimulated economic crisis, etc. 

So, are despots good or bad? 

In the old days, people practiced free markets and were honest and hard-working. These days they practice state intervention to rescue giant banks, but call it free market, practice monopoly and domination but call it free-enterprise and practice despotism but call it liberalism and liberty. In a world where there is only one super imperialistic power, it there such thing as a world without despotism? 

I guess to answer the question posed above; despotism is good if the despot is “your” despot and bad if the despot is “someone else’s” despot. A good example is the case of Neda Soltan. There is no argument that she was brutally and heinously murdered. Everyone points the finger at Ahmedinejad and his gang of election riggers. So whether the Iranian demonstrators want to be independent of both the clerics AND the US or not, the question has been taken out of their hands. They are now either FOR the clerics or FOR the US. Is an independent course now even a possibility let alone a feasibility? 

The callous murder of Neda Soltan needs to be investigated with a neutral, objective and professional mind. Unfortunately, this is not possible anymore, especially if a Malaysian detective is involved and at long range at that, but I shall try my best. 

For an objective investigation, the investigator needs to identify who stands to gain most from Neda Soltan’s death. Both Mousavi and Ahmedinejad need Neda’s death like a hole in their own heads. Some one else stood to gain most. So a proper study of the conditions and history surrounding her death must be laid bare. 

She was hit with a bullet. What sort of bullet was it, from a pistol or high powered rifle? We have no idea. What we know is that it is difficult to hit a standing person accurately at 300 yards let alone someone moving among a massive crowd of demonstrators. 

I do not think it was a random bullet since in a massive crowd a random bullet will have probably hit those in the front lines and not an innocent participant like Neda who joined in more out of curiosity and goodwill than ferocious anti-cleric sentiments. We don’t know where Neda was standing in relation to the front lines but I rather think she was quite far removed from the action. If she was targeted, she must have been targeted by an expert marksman – a sniper. All he needed was for a single round to hit his chosen target. If the gun was fired by a crazed Basiji militiaman, it would have been many rounds, not just one. 

We also know that the US has a record of interfering in the domestic affairs of Iran. This was exposed by the invasion of the US embassy where sensitive documents were found. Whether an invasion of the US embassy in Teheran was good or bad and legal or illegal it is in the past. Suffice to say that documents were found that incriminated the US. Further, a former official of the US govt. claims that the US still has secret operatives working inside Iran. 

We can surmise that if the US has secret operatives working in Iran, the British would probably have some too. Only the British are not as rich as the Americans, so their operatives will have to be fewer but more highly trained. We also know that the British have one of the best sniper schools in the world and are famous for their SAS commando training. It is likely that if the British have any operatives working in Iran at all, they would most probably be trained in sniper and SAS methods. We also know that Iran has been suffering recently from terrorist bombings of their mosques. 

What about the Russians and the Chinese? Can they be connected in any way in this cruel and cold-blooded murder? 

Actually I am not doing a very good investigative job am I? I don’t seem to know where I am going with this - best leave it alone. What I really want to say is that for an objective, neutral and professional investigator looking into DSAI’s case of a 60 year old buggering an unwilling strong man in his 20’s, the independent investigator has to identify who it is that has most to gain from DSAI being jailed from being found guilty of such a heinous crime. 

The people then has to decide whether a despot who has the power to do just about anybody in is good or bad. They also have to decide whether their courts of justice being used as tools of oppression are a good thing or a bad thing.

Comments (19)Add Comment
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written by Jan, June 27, 2009 12:11:58
In this country despots are a dream come true. They are good for cronies, children, in-laws and fellow warlords. Unfortunately not so good for other citizens.
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written by Malaysian Heart, June 27, 2009 12:59:43
IMHO, despots are bad, because while they claim to be acting for the good of all, they claim to be the one who knows best what is good for all. They are therefore unaccountable to the people they rule, and since absolute power corrupts absolutely, gradually they will stop acting for the people's well being, and start acting for that of themselves & their cronies.

The thing to remember is that all democracies are like expensive cars. They will all eventually stop running & turn into despotism if people are lazy & neglect to maintain it. The price of maintaining a vibrant democracy is eternal vigilance. http://www.aliran.com/index.ph...&Itemid=10
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written by clarity, June 27, 2009 13:07:34
Despots are good for countries that practice corruption. Why, you may ask. Well, a despot can legalise ISA and and if you disagree, then off to the lock up you go. A despot being a despot can appoint unsavoury characters for top posts as in Petronas and this guy can milk the cash cow on behalf of the despot. And you have nothing to worry about even if you are facing a murder trial as the despot can just lift up his handphone and solve the problem for you.
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written by lampard, June 27, 2009 13:46:04
Despots are bad! Simply, Power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely! As for Anwar, his party gave every members a choice to vote its leader, so, that in itself is good. Simple and straight forward.
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written by Malaysian Heart, June 27, 2009 18:54:52
@ StevenO,

I assume that your disapproval above is directed at batsman's article. As someone who respects & recognizes batsman's rational approach to arguments, and his ability to draw lessons from international affairs that are relevant to Malaysia, I disagree with you. However, you certainly have every right to express your disapproval, and never let anyone dispute that right of yours.

However, if you were to go one step further & express why you disapprove so strongly of this article, I & the other readers here would be able to appreciate your point of view much better. We would also gain the benefit of your alternative & perhaps deeper reading of batsman's work. Why do you categorize it as fiction? Why do you call it a waste of time? I, for one would like to know.

By doing so, you would have written a critique, which in my humble opinion, is much more appreciable than a mere rant. As it is, your comment does not help us to further understand batsman's article(or your opinion of it) at all.

May we look forward to seeing more considered comments from you in the future?
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written by AsamLaksa, June 28, 2009 01:18:13
Another pointless article that fails to address any issues. If it's about despots, it has not dealt with it objectively nor furnish enough relevant information to allow the readers the opportunity to decide. Maybe it's the word count limit. But I think it's mainly due to simplistic romanticising of the idea of a single all powerful ruler. Hey, I have had fantasies of me ruling the world and fixing all the problems too.

What matters is not the ruler but the system of rule. I will give these "despots" the benefit of the doubt on their aspirations. You may have the most noble, just and loving ruler but with a system that does not support it, it fails. Even if it works in spite of a bad system, it risks depending too much on the character of the ruler and such good may not last after the ruler dies.

The longevity and stability of any government lies with it's system of rule. For example, if someone blows up the US White House and Capitol Hill wiping the President and legislative branch of government, USA will still exist because it has an effective civil service and a system of finding replacements. Many empires fall for the lack of these.

In my opinion, despots are not called despots without a reason. Even if they kill 100 of their citizens to save 1000, you better hope you are not in the 100. Sure it's easy to find facts on despots and claim to be an objective outsider but hey, try living in the wrong end of their rule.

Then it went on about some conspiratorial stuff yet furnish no new facts. What I don't get is how easy it is to claim it's US or Western interference when something goes wrong. It is as if everything was perfect if not for those interfering Westerners. Grow up. Makes me want to watch Scooby-Doo reruns. Let's forget that the people had a lot of pent up grouses to begin with. Oh, are those US and UK inventions too?

Then it tries to link with Anwar as if there isn't enough to deal with already. And the link is very weak unless Batsman is implying that the Malaysian PM is a despot.

In the end, you do not need to place your hopes on any despot. Whatever good you think they bring to you all comes with a heavy price as history will show you be it the pharoahs, emperors and dictators of yesteryears. By the way, if they were so good to begin with, why call them despots? There are enough examples of leaders loved by their subjects or who did not do enough bad to earn the title despot.
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written by Milo, June 28, 2009 10:34:36
...So one wonders whether despots are really good or bad? Why do people turn towards despotism when they sense that they are in trouble?
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By definition a despot is a cruel and oppressive dictator, so as a matter of common sense they cannot be described as good for the people - even if they seem to be doing what is good for the people for the moment. In most cases, despotic regimes are able to grab power through manipulative methods by taking advantage of a section of the people who are blinded by some serious disatisfaction. Essentially, these "leaders" are a non-starter if the good of the rakyat is a consideration. Look at what has happened in Perak! Malaysiakini has just reported that the new "government" has cancelled the 3,000 land titles issued to the people - thus destroying livelihood in the process. This is a glimpse of what Malaysia will be like if a despotic regime is in power. Are we moving into one? If Perak is an indication, it would seems so.
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written by Milo, June 28, 2009 10:50:27
As for Iran, the recent election shows the so call religious government can be just as corrupt - even without US intervention. That is what happen when religion and state mixed in the administration of the country - hypocrisy powered by religious beliefs will rear its head when "power" is at stake. These leaders will grab power "in the name of religious unity", and once such manipulation succeed, every means are justifiable. The PAS-UMNO unity talk is the local example of what we can expect if religion takes the role of government. In the guise of religion, all hypocrisies are permissible.
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written by Fairminded, June 28, 2009 22:12:54
There is no such thing as a good or bad despots but good and bad systems of choosing one. The Europeans have very mature political systems whereby they can choose, and if it is a bad despot they can always get rid of him/her in the next GE for a good despot or a liberal or what not. In Malaysia we have no system, and a despot is a despot if he cannot be rid off.
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written by Malaysian Heart, June 28, 2009 22:18:37
@ AsamLaksa,

Thanks for your review of Batsman's article, I enjoyed reading it very much. I agree substantially with your opinion of despots, and I especially appreciate your point that "What matters is not the ruler but the system of rule". If I were to put it in another way, I'd say that citizens are better served by the "rule of law" rather than the "rule of man".

As an aside, the word "despot" itself did not start off with a pejorative meaning. From Wikipedia, here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despot_(court_title):

The original Greek term despotēs meant simply "lord" and was synonymous with kyrios. As the Greek equivalent to the Latin dominus, despotēs was initially used as a form of address indicating respect. As such it was applied to any person of rank, but in a more specific sense to God, bishops and the patriarchs, and primarily the Roman and Byzantine Emperors, occasionally used in formal settings, for example on coins (since Leo III the Isaurian) or formal documents.


Only after many holders of that title (inevitably) became corrupted by power, did the word itself, which began with quite a noble meaning, acquire the negative connotations that it has today.

(cont'd)
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written by Malaysian Heart, June 28, 2009 22:19:19
Allow me to share my own understanding of Batsman's article:

His main point is that anyone concerned with freedom, justice & democracy must ask the question "who stands to gain most?", or "cui bono?" in Latin (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cui_bono), whenever events with potential significant consequences and mysterious causes take place. This is to find out if there is a hidden motive, and who is really behind it. In this, batsman is asking that we follow in the footsteps of the great Roman orator, lawyer & statesman, Cicero (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicero), who used "cui bono" to great effect in defending the innocent. It is still a standard rule applied in criminal investigations.

He starts off his article by reminding us that people may find despots attractive in times of uncertainty & crisis, or if they are driven by hypocrisy (wanting the "good life" for themselves while others suffer injustice for it). He then warns for us that our own politicians may try to engineer crises or entice hypocritical voters, to remain in power.

He then goes on to talk about the dangers of relativism, where one's concept of right & wrong is dependent on what one's own interests are; & "newspeak", where words are used to hide meaning & prevent understanding, in any discussion about politics & government.

Next, he goes on and on about Neda's killing to illustrate his point about "cui bono". Granted he rambles on without new facts, and he himself admits as much. However, his point is to link it to a case with major consequences to Malaysian politics.

Finally he asks us the question, whether we are going to accept despotism & injustice, either out of fear of uncertainty, or for selfish reasons.

Reflecting on Batsman's article, I came to the following conclusions & action points for myself:

- I must be vigilant & recognize it when our politicians try to create crises to make their despotic behaviour seem attractive
- When I decide on ther rights & wrongs of an issue, I must not be influenced by my own interests of the moment, but must base my decision on ethical principles & the general good.
- I must question the meanings & connotations of language used in our public
discourse to avoid being hoodwinked by our politicians & public servants.
- As I follow Anwar's prosecution for sodomy, I must constantly evaluate the evidence & ask the question "who stands to gain most?"
- I must never accept injustice to anyone, just because I am not the one affected, or because I fear the consequences (uncertanty, crisis etc.) of justice being done. "Let justice be done though the Heavens fall!"

Besides the part where he rambles on an on about Iran, the Americans, British, etc., one more issue on which I would take him to task would be his use of the stereotype, "cool headed civilized Europeans or hot headed uncivilized Middle Easterners", which is unfair to both Europeans & Middle Easterners, whatever the temperature of their heads are.

Whatever you & I may feel about Batsman's writing style, at least his article has elicited a response from and started a discussion with Jan, Clarity, Lampard and Milo (and even StevenO), as well as inspired your own thoughtful review. For Malaysia's democracy to progress & develop, we badly need more discussion, debate and action on human rights, freedom, politics, national & international issues. Given all that, won't you concede that perhaps Batsman's article is not so pointless after all?
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written by renoir, June 28, 2009 23:29:26
Malaysia Heart, your response makes my day and yes, this article is thought-provoking. A few more observations:

Oldtimers would've studied in school history textbooks (during the 50s) about the "benevolent despots" that Western historians admired. Such despots included Frederick of Prussia and most people would name Napoleon as well, despite the latter's faults. About 2000 years ago, the over 400-year-old Roman Republic was overthrown by a general who then ruled pretty much as a despot. Succeeding him was his adopted son who went ahead to become Emperor. This was the beginning of a long series of monarchy that ended with Nero. I bet readers here already know who that general was - someone who lent his name to his despotic style of government.

Yes, there are "good" and bad despots - even Marxists like Gramsky agree on that. But study Weber a little deeper and we might realize that despotism could very much be due to a system rather than, as commonly supposed, some personality. This is what many readers above have hinted at as well.

LChuah
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written by Milo, June 29, 2009 07:39:51
Perhaps, for communicative reason here, it would be appropriate to first differentiate its general meaning today of the word "despot" from its meaning of old (which is less pejorative). Today, despot usually means a tyrannical dictator who has absolute power to govern - also a generally cruel leader who cares more of maintaining power that people. Secondly, when we say a despotic regime is "bad", it need not mean devoid of any goodness. UMNO is a good example of an evolving despotic regime (if not already one) which does sensible and good things for the rakyat once a while. On whether it is system that creates despotism or was it a despotic leader who creates despotism, the facts seem to point to it can work either way, and influence each other. For example, Malaysia did has a good set of much admired legal system of law and governance. By no means can we call our system despotic. Yet, the system is on the verge of being destroyed by a despotic-like regime that has evolved from some despotic leaders. Many has called TDM a despot, but most of us do recognise he has done much good despite his policies have created a monster we have to deal with today. So, did TDM create the system or the system create TDM? Which is the primary cause? If it is the system, then we should not blame him from all the wrongs. In any case, there should not be any disagreement as to whether a despot is good or bad for modern day governance as it is only too obvious. At the end, absolute power does corrupt.

Will a good system solve the problem of abuse by the leaders? It can probably reduce the amount, but to put too much faith in that too is a fallacy. Thus far, we have not seen such a perfect system that will work on all cultures. But we have seen many that does not work well almost in all cases - mixing religion with state!

Iran was quoted by batsman as a good example of a religious state that works in one our previous exchange (when I challenge him to name me just one Islamic state that works). What do we see there now? The election was almost certainly heavily rigged (meaning Ahmadinejad, a muslim leader, cheated in the election to stay in power), yet none other than the supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei declared the election valid! So, is Iran's form of governance still valid in batsman's view, in light of current observation? Really like to hear his justification.

A secular system of government is not a guarantee for goodness to prevail, however, when things go wrong, the "badies" can be removed much easier (than a religious state) through the ballot box. At least, no one can quote God or scripture to stay on in power.

Asamlaksa's, when he stated that "this is another pointless article", is probably shaped by batsman's sometimes neurotic style of debate in the past. Otherwise, Asamlaksa did argue his case well.
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written by Milo, June 29, 2009 07:49:23
To sum up, we should be on guard and aim at having good system as well as good leader. Either one whoch is bad can turn the other bad!
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written by Malaysian Heart, June 29, 2009 08:42:11
Thanks Renoir, and thanks for lighting more than a few candles yourself, whenever these pages have gone through times of darkness & "blackout".

I am really concerned that our fellow Malaysians are beginning to develop a hankering for despotism (dare I call it Mahathirism?). Three recent examples:

1) From a comment recently left on my blog http://malaysianheart.********...9255788229:
We have nothing to learn from US. For me democracy is not the best thing. In democracy, the majority decide what they think is right. We need dictator who has vision like LKY in Singapore. If the leader can selflessly run a country and bring it to prosperity, we do not need democracy. See what happen in US now, the so called democracy and capatalism is about to bring down the financial world and the WHOLE WORLD WILL SUFFER because of them.


(cont'd)
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written by Malaysian Heart, June 29, 2009 08:42:55
2) From a pro-BN blog http://paneh.********.com/2009...athir.html:
Untuk mentadbir masyarakat berbilang kaum, kami menyarankan Kerajaan Persekutuan lebih tegas dalam menyelesaikan masalah serta konflik yang sering dicetuskan oleh beberapa pihak berhaluan kiri di negara ini. Malaysia tidak memerlukan pemimpin yang 'lemah gemalai' TETAPI memerlukan pemimpin seperti Abdul Rahman Al-Andalus yang mentadbir seumpama pemerintahan kuku besi; namun pada masa yang sama sangat baik terhadap rakyatnya.


3) From another pro-BN blog http://graduanmelayumuda.*****...h-saw.html:
DEMOKRASI BUKAN WARISAN BAGINDA SAW
DEMOKRASI BUKAN AJARAN ISLAM
PILIHANRAYA ADALAH SISTEM DEMOKRASI
DEMOKRASI BERTENTANGAN DENGAN AJARAN ISLAM
MENYOKONG DEMOKRASI BERMAKNA MENYOKONG SEKULARISME
MENYOKONG SEKULARISME BERMAKSUD KAFIR
LAKSANAKAN PERUNDANGAN SYARIAH SEGERA
SEBELUM TERLAMBAT
TAKBIR!!!!!!


This hankering is probably brought about by:
1) the global economic downturn, and and simplistic and shortsighted understanding of the relationship between democracy & capitalism. The times we live in are fertile grounds for despots to grow & take root in.
2) Disillusionment with our "democratic" politics, which reflects very badly (increasingly well justified) on the Pakatan reps we voted in last year.
3) Efforts by BN politicians (as evinced above) to denigrate democracy (as a reaction to Pak Lah's administration & their GE-12 rout?) and praise despotism. To do this, they will even (hypocritically) use (and abuse) Islamic concepts of government & democracy!

I believe that this sort of tendency must never be taken lightly, but must be effectively opposed by civil society & progressive groups, wherever & whenever Malaysians gather to discuss, debate & exchange ideas.

Thanks for pointing out the works of Gramsky & Weber, I must check them out soon.

Sincerely,
mh
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written by batsman, June 29, 2009 09:06:04
Hi guys - TQ for the debate. There is yet more to despotism than the negative emotions it conjures.

Milo - I am disappointed you seem to think Asamlaksa harbours a grudge against me or is it just you? And yes, the Iranian democracy is still a valid one as well as one we might try to learn more about. What makes you judge and jury with regard to rigged elections in Iran? What makes you think you are right?

As far as i can see, the Iran issue is a fight between rich and poor as discussed by Dari Jelebu. This will happen in any democracy. This also happens in Thailand as it is happening in Malaysia. Unfortunately the minority rich in the cities think their votes count for more than the votes of the poor in the countryside. Perhaps they are desperate because Ahmedinejad's policies have isolated Iran more and they are getting impoverished by the embargoes and sanctions. Does this mean that violence is the solution? Best to leave them to sort this out themselves don't you think, rather than interfere and run black ops as the British and the Americans seem to be trying to do?

BTW, why do to blame the "despotic" regime in Malaysia for screwing up the "good system left behind by the British"? As Malaysian Heart says, isn't it also part of the responsibility of the people to protect democracy? If the people do not make this effort, there is no checks and balances. Despots become guaranteed. Don;t you think the people share some blame as well?
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written by Malaysian Heart, June 29, 2009 11:51:15
Milo said:
To sum up, we should be on guard and aim at having good system as well as good leader. Either one whoch is bad can turn the other bad!


My thoughts exactly! With you all the way on that!

Fairminded said:
The Europeans have very mature political systems whereby they can choose, and if it is a bad despot they can always get rid of him/her in the next GE for a good despot or a liberal or what not.


Well a despot by current definition (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotism), "rules with absolute political power". With such power, he or she can subvert elections. The only thing that can remove them is death or revolution. Therefore, I would never, never recommend despotism ever, however established and mature the political system is, immaterial whether it is for Europe or Malaysia.

Batsman said:
There is yet more to despotism than the negative emotions it conjures


So that I may understand your position better, do you believe that despotism can ever be justified as a good form of government? Can despotism be justified as a suitable form of government for Malaysia? If so, how?

I believe in this quote from a much wiser man than I:
"Many forms of Government have been tried, and will be tried in this world of sin and woe. No one pretends that democracy is perfect or all-wise. Indeed, it has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all those other forms that have been tried from time to time."
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written by batsman, June 29, 2009 12:03:30
Dear Malaysian Heart - as this phase of the debate is about to go under the horizon, I offer more opinions and ideas in the next couple of write-ups - if MT will generously agree to post them.
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